How to Become a Data Analyst

Data analysts turn raw data into insights that drive decisions, pulling data, cleaning it, analyzing it, and presenting findings to stakeholders. They work across marketing, finance, operations, and product, answering questions like which customers are churning and why. It is a strong entry point into the broader data field.

What does a Data Analyst do?

  • Extract and clean data from databases and tools (SQL, spreadsheets)
  • Analyze trends and build reports and dashboards
  • Translate business questions into measurable analysis
  • Visualize findings (Tableau, Power BI) for non-technical stakeholders
  • Partner with teams to define metrics and track performance

Skills you need

Hard skills include SQL (essential), spreadsheet mastery, a visualization tool (Tableau or Power BI), and increasingly Python or R for deeper analysis. Statistics fundamentals help. Soft skills: translating ambiguous business questions into analysis, and communicating findings clearly to people who do not speak data.

Certifications that help

Certifications commonly held by data analyst professionals, filtered to those with verified data. See the full Best Data Analytics Certifications Easiest to start with → Highest-paying options →

CertificationLevelExam costRelated roles
Google Data Analytics Professional CertificateFoundationalCoursera subscription ~$49/month (US) …Data Analyst, Junior Data Analyst
AI-900Microsoft Azure AI FundamentalsFoundational$99 USD commonly cited for Fundamental…AI-aware Business Analyst, Junior Cloud Support
AZ-900Microsoft Azure FundamentalsFoundational~$99 USD (price set by country/region)Cloud Support Associate, Junior Cloud Administrator
Tableau Desktop SpecialistFoundational$75 USD plus applicable taxesJunior Data Analyst, Tableau Reporting Specialist
Databricks Data AnalystDatabricks Certified Data Analyst AssociateAssociate$200 USD registration feeData Analyst, BI Analyst
AZ-104Microsoft Azure Administrator AssociateAssociate$165 USD (subject to country/region)Azure Administrator, Cloud Administrator
AI-102Microsoft Azure AI Engineer AssociateAssociate$165 USD commonly shown for Microsoft …Azure AI Engineer, AI Developer
AZ-204Microsoft Azure Developer AssociateAssociate$165 USD commonly shown for U.S. Micro…Azure Developer, Cloud Developer
AZ-500Microsoft Azure Security Engineer AssociateAssociate$165 USD commonly shown in U.S.Azure Security Engineer, Cloud Security Engineer
DP-600Microsoft Fabric Analytics Engineer AssociateAssociate$165 USDFabric Analytics Engineer, BI Engineer
SC-300Microsoft Identity and Access Administrator AssociateAssociate$165 USDIdentity and Access Administrator, IAM Analyst
SC-400Microsoft Information Protection and Compliance Administrator AssociateAssociateInformation Protection Administrator, Compliance Administrator
PL-300Microsoft Power BI Data Analyst AssociateAssociate$165 USDPower BI Analyst, Data Analyst
SC-200Microsoft Security Operations Analyst AssociateAssociate$165 USD commonly shown for Microsoft …Security Operations Analyst, SOC Analyst
SnowPro Core CertificationFoundational$175 USD per exam attemptData Analyst, Data Engineer
Tableau Certified Data AnalystProfessional$200 USD plus applicable taxesTableau Data Analyst, BI Analyst
AZ-305Microsoft Azure Solutions Architect ExpertExpert$165 USD (subject to country/region)Cloud Architect, Azure Solutions Architect
AZ-400Microsoft DevOps Engineer ExpertExpert$165 USD commonly shown for Microsoft …DevOps Engineer, Site Reliability Engineer

Sorted by level. Data reflects verified values where available; confirm current details on the official page.

How to break in

Many data analysts come from adjacent roles (operations, finance, marketing) where they started working with spreadsheets and SQL. A focused certification like the Microsoft Power BI Data Analyst (PL-300), a Tableau credential, or the Google Data Analytics certificate signals job-ready skills. A portfolio of real analysis projects is often the strongest differentiator.

Data Analyst salary

Associated role pay (BLS)

BLS Data Scientists median annual wage: $112,590 (May 2024).

Reflects the role, not any one certification. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Companies hiring Data Analysts

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Resume tips for Data Analysts

Show SQL and your visualization tool prominently, since they are the top ATS keywords for the role. Quantify the impact of your analysis ("identified $400K in recoverable revenue"). Link to a portfolio with two or three real projects (dashboards, analyses). List PL-300 or Tableau certifications near your skills section.

Check how your resume reads to ATS software: ATS Resume Checker →

Interview preparation

Expect a SQL screen (joins, aggregations, and window functions are common), plus a case question where you reason through how you would analyze a business problem. Be ready to walk through a past analysis end to end: the question, your approach, and what changed as a result.

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Frequently asked questions

What certification is best for a data analyst?

Microsoft PL-300 (Power BI Data Analyst) and Tableau certifications are strong, widely recognized options. The Google Data Analytics certificate is a popular beginner entry point.

Do I need to know Python to be a data analyst?

SQL is essential; Python is increasingly valued but many analyst roles run primarily on SQL and a BI tool. Python becomes more important as you move toward data science.

How long does it take to become a data analyst?

With focused study, many people build job-ready skills in six to twelve months, especially when transitioning from a data-adjacent role.

Is data analyst a good entry point into data science?

Yes. It is a common stepping stone. Analysts who add Python, statistics, and machine learning often move into data science.

What is the salary for a data analyst?

See the BLS-sourced salary data below for the associated data role.

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